Regulatory Reports
Development and Implementation
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) introduced Basel I in 1988, establishing common minimum capital standards for internationally active banks.
Basel II, published in 2004 and consolidated in 2006, introduced a more risk-sensitive framework based on three pillars: minimum capital requirements, supervisory review and market discipline. In the European Union, it was implemented mainly through Directives 2006/48/EC and 2006/49/EC and became applicable from 1 January 2007.
Following the global financial crisis, Basel III strengthened the quality and quantity of capital, introduced capital buffers, leverage and liquidity requirements, enhanced risk coverage and expanded disclosure obligations.
The initial Basel III framework was implemented in the EU through the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR) and the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD IV), which generally became applicable from 1 January 2014. The framework was subsequently amended through CRR II/CRD V and CRR III/CRD VI. CRR III generally applies from 1 January 2025, while CRD VI is implemented through national legislation, with the related measures generally applying from 11 January 2026. Certain requirements remain subject to transitional provisions.
Erste Group Bank AG prepares this Disclosure Report in accordance with Part Eight of the CRR, the applicable implementing technical standards, in particular Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2024/3172, as amended, and, where relevant, the requirements relating to own funds and eligible liabilities.
The three pillars
The Basel framework is based on three mutually reinforcing pillars:
- Pillar 1 establishes minimum prudential requirements.
- Pillar 2 provides for supervisory review of an institution’s risks, governance, capital and liquidity adequacy.
- Pillar 3 promotes market discipline through public disclosure.
Pillar 1 – Minimum capital requirements
Pillar 1 establishes minimum own-funds requirements for credit risk, market risk, operational risk and credit valuation adjustment risk, including the application of the output floor. The wider prudential framework also includes leverage-ratio, capital-buffer and liquidity requirements.
Pillar 2 – Supervisory review process
Pillar 2 requires institutions to assess the adequacy of their capital and liquidity through the Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP) and the Internal Liquidity Adequacy Assessment Process (ILAAP).
Competent authorities assess institutions through the Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process (SREP) and may impose additional capital requirements, guidance or other supervisory measures.
Pillar 3 – Market discipline
Pillar 3 complements Pillars 1 and 2 through qualitative and quantitative disclosures that enable market participants to assess an institution’s risk profile, capital adequacy, leverage, liquidity and risk-management practices.
The disclosures cover, where applicable, own funds and eligible liabilities, capital requirements, risk-weighted exposure amounts, leverage, liquidity, credit risk, market risk, operational risk, securitisation, interest-rate risk in the banking book, asset encumbrance, remuneration and environmental, social and governance risks.
They also include required reconciliations between regulatory own funds and financial-statement information and are prepared under a formal disclosure policy and internal control framework.
2026
2025
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2024
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2023
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2022
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2021
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2020
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2019
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2018
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2017
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2013
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2012
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